Jendelakaba.com–Waspada Heatwave! Bahaya yang didepan mata dan Bagaimana cara mengatasi Pemanasan Global
Semakin hari Isu Lingkungan semakin menjadi ancaman yang mengintai keberlangsungan hidup. Fenomena heatwave atau gelombang panas menjadi salah satu yang menjadi perhatian umum belakangan.
Apa itu Heatwaves?
BMKG mendefenisikan Heatwave menurut bidang ilmu klimatologi sebagai periode cuaca (suhu) panas yang tidak biasa yang biasanya berlangsung setidaknya lima hari berturut-turut atau lebih disertai oleh kelembapan udara yang tinggi. Heatwaves diakibatkan oleh udara hangat yang terperangkap di atmosfer dan merupakan fenomena cuaca alami. Gelombang panas semakin meningkat intensitas dan frekuensinya akibat perubahan iklim, atau akibat emisi gas rumah kaca yang memerangkap panas lebih lama. Gelombang panas dapat memberikan dampak langsung dan tidak langsung yang signifikan terhadap masyarakat atau sektor masyarakat yang rentan yang mungkin mengalami dampak langsung. Pada tingkat individu, dampak kesehatan dari panas bersifat relatif, karena adanya berbagai faktor risiko panas. Ancaman heatwave terhadap masing-masing individu tentu berbeda, beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kerentanan individu terhadap fenomena heatwave. Diantaranya usia lanjut atau anak-anak, memiliki penyakit pernapasan, bekerja di luar ruangan atau terlibat dalam pekerjaan berat di dalam ruangan yang dekat dengan sumber panas industri, bahkan hingga tinggal di perkotaan yang padat dengan penduduk (miskin kota). Untuk beberapa individu yang memiliki faktor tersebut risiko panas dapat berakibat fatal pada kesehatan.
Heatwaves mencapai rekor di beberapa negara
Fenomena heatwave belakangan beberapa waktu lalu cukup menghebohkan di daerah Asia selatan dan Asia tenggara bagian utara. Bahkan dilaporkan pada Mei 2024 menurut Departemen Meteorologi Bangladesh fenomena heatwave sudah dikategorikan parah bahkan sangat parah di beberapa distrik. Laporan pemantauan prakiraan BDRCS menunjukkan suhu maksimum melebihi 38°C dengan indeks panas melebihi 38 derajat celcius selama dua hari atau lebih secara berturut-turut. Bahkan di beberapa distrik mencapai di angka => 40°C. Hal ini juga menjadi rekor heatwave terlama yang terjadi dengan berlangsung selama 24 hari. Menurut Dirjen Pelayanan Kesehatan Bangladesh per 30 April fenomena heatwaves telah mengakibatkan 10 Korban jiwa di Bangladesh. Tidak sampai disitu, Pemerintah Bangladesh mengambil keputusan untuk menutup sekolah dan perguruan tinggi dan meliburkan 33 Juta Siswa. Hal ini diambil sebagai bentuk mitigasi, dikarenakan anak-anak salah satu kelompok yang rentan terkait risiko panas yang dapat berakibat fatal bagi kesehatan. Diperkirakan sebanyak 70% populasi Bangladesh terdampak fenomena heatwave.
Panas terik di Indonesia apakah termasuk Heatwaves?
Menurut WMO (World Meteorological Center) merupakan kondisi udara panas sepanjang 5 hari berturut turut dimana suhu harian maksimum lebih tinggi dari suhu maksimum rata-rata hingga 5°C. Sedangkan di Indonesia sendiri kondisi udara panas tidak mencapai suhu maksimum, dan tidak berlangsung selama beberapa hari. Secara umum di Indonesia, Sudah memasuki musim kemarau pada Bulan Mei-Juni dan diprediksi akan mencapai puncaknya pada Bulan Juli-Agustus. Walaupun, belum ada indikasi bahwa Heatwave akan berlangsung di Indonesia. Perlunya perhatian dan kewaspadaan dari masyarakat mengingat Isu pemanasan global menjadi perhatian bersama karena menyangkut keberlangsungan mahkluk hidup. Namun, pencegahan pemanasan global harus segera dilakukan jika tidak maka heatwaves cepat atau lambat akan segera terjadi di Indonesia.
Bagaimana cara mengatasi pemanasan global?
Pertama, Tidak membuang Makanan merupakan pencegahan termudah dan terefektif yang dapat dilakukan individu dan keluarga manapun. Sampah sisa makanan atau sampah organimengandung gas metana jika membusuk dan mengakibatkan efek rumah kaca. Bahkan dinilai gas metana yang dihasilkan sampah organik ketika sudah di TPA 25x lebih kuat. Hal itu mengalahkan polusi karbon dari knalpot kendaraan bermotor. Apabila kadar gas metana yang dilepaskan ke udara bebas tinggi, kadar oksigen dapat berkurang dan lapisan ozon menipis. Gas metana merupakan gas rumah kaca yang menyebabkan efek rumah kaca yang menjadi penyebab pemanasan global. Yang dapat dilakukan adalah membeli dan memasak makanan secukupnya dan menyimpan makanan sisa di freezer selain itu juga dapat mengubah sampah makanan seperti sayuran menjadi pupuk kompos. Kedua, tranportasi pribadi menjadi sesuatu barang wajib saat ini, yang menjadi penyumbang terbesar emisi gas rumah kaca. Menggunakan kendaraan bermotor secukupnya dan beralih ke kendaraan ramah lingkungan dan bahkan bersepeda atau berjalan kaki menjadi budaya yang membantu pencegahan pemasan global. Ketiga, melakukan penelitian dan Inovasi terkait isu pemanasan global. Salah satu inovasi yang menarik adalah Cool Ant yang dirancang oleh Monish Kumar asal India. Cool ant yaitu AC tanpa listrik yang berbentuk menyerupai sarang lebah yang terdiri atas slilinder terakota yang ditumpuk dan digabung satu sama lain. AC Cool Ant mendinginkan luar ruangan dengan prinsip pendinginan kuno dengan memanfaatkan air. Jadi, ketika air merembes melalui lapisan berpori air tersebut akan menguap di permukaan luar dan mendinginkan permukaan dalam.
Di tulis oleh: Kurnia Aznar putra
Untuk tugas besar mata kuliah politik lingkungan.
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